Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Mahatma
Mohandas Gandhi Documentaries DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2: International Day Of
Nonviolence: Gandhi Jayanti (Indian National Holiday): -- October
2, 1869: #BOTD: #HBD! Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Indian political
and spiritual leader and activist who was the leader of the Indian
independence movement against British rule (d. 1948) was #born in
1869 Porbandar, India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience,
Gandhi unified the masses for a common struggle against the
British rule non violently, and inspired movements for civil
rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahatma
(Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable") -
applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa - is now used
worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment
for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the
Nation. Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in
coastal Gujarat, India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple,
London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an
expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian
community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India
in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban
labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and
discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National
Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various
social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule. Gandhi
famously led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax
with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in
calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned
for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and
India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential
community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven
with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food,
and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification
and political protest. Gandhi's vision of an independent India
based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged in the early
1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate
Muslim homeland carved out of India. Eventually, in August 1947,
Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire[10]
was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and
Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and
Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke
out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Eschewing the official
celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected
areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he
undertook several fasts unto death to stop religious violence. The
last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 when he was 78, also
had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash
assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians thought Gandhi was too
accommodating. Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist,
who assassinated Gandhi in the garden of his home in New Delhi on
30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest. Captured
along with many of his co-conspirators and collaborators, Godse
and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte were tried, convicted and
executed while many of their other accomplices were given prison
sentences. Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India
as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the
International Day of Nonviolence. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Timeline
Middle Ages TV Newscast Series + Bonus MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1187: Religion: The History Of
Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: The History Of Roman
Catholicism: The Latin Church (Latin: Ecclesia Latina): The Middle
Ages (The Medieval Period, The Mediaeval Period): The Crusades:
The Ayyubid-Crusader Conflict (1169-1254): Sieges Of Jerusalem:
The Siege Of Jerusalem (1187): -- Sultan Saladin (An-Nasir Salah
ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub) also known as Salah ad-Din, the first
sultan of Egypt and Syria, captures the Crusader Kingdom Of
Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule, when the French
crusader noble of the crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem,
Count Balian of Ibelin (known as the "Shaear Wahid" or
"Hairy One" due to his notably thick body hair, which
was said to have grown like a pelt in his later years) surrendered
the city to Saladin. The Siege Of Jerusalem (1187) began on
September 20, 1187, and it concluded with Saladin's victory twelve
days later. Citizens who were able to pay the ransom were set
free, however several thousand were enslaved. The Kingdom of
Jerusalem, weakened by internal disputes, was defeated two months
prior at the Battle of Hattin on 4 July 1187. Most of the nobility
were taken prisoner, including King Guy. Thousands of Muslim
slaves were freed. By mid-September, Saladin had taken Acre,
Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut, and Ascalon. Though Jerusalem
fell, it was not the end of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, as the
capital shifted first to Tyre, the only city able to hold out
against Saladin due to the fortuitous arrival of Conrad of
Montferrat and where survivors of the battle and other refugees
fled, and later to Acre after the Third Crusade. Latin Christians
responded in 1189 by launching the Third Crusade led by Richard
The Lionheart, Philip Augustus, and Frederick Barbarossa
separately. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Monarchy
In The UK: British Royal History MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1452: #BOTD: Richard
Plantagenet, King Richard III Of England from 1483 until his
death, King Of England and Lord Of Ireland (d. August 22, 1485) is
#born at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, the eleventh of
the twelve children of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily
Neville, and the youngest to survive infancy. Richard III was the
last king of the House Of York and the last of the Plantagenet
dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battle Of Bosworth Field, the
last decisive battle of the Wars Of The Roses, marked the end of
the Middle Ages in England. He is the protagonist of Richard III,
one of William Shakespeare's history/tragedy plays. Richard was
created Duke of Gloucester in 1461 after the accession of his
brother King Edward IV. In 1472, he married Anne Neville, daughter
of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. He governed northern
England during Edward's reign, and played a role in the invasion
of Scotland in 1482. When Edward IV died in April 1483, Richard
was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward's eldest son and
successor, the 12-year-old Edward V. Arrangements were made for
Edward V's coronation on 22 June 1483. Before the king could be
crowned, the marriage of his parents was declared bigamous and
therefore invalid. Now officially illegitimate, their children
were barred from inheriting the throne. On 25 June, an assembly of
lords and commoners endorsed a declaration to this effect, and
proclaimed Richard as the rightful king. He was crowned on 6 July
1483. Edward and his younger brother Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke
of York, called the "Princes in the Tower", were not
seen in public after August, and accusations circulated that they
had been murdered on King Richard's orders, under the Tudor rule a
few years later. There were two major rebellions against Richard
during his reign. In October 1483, an unsuccessful revolt was led
by staunch allies of Edward IV and Richard's former ally, Henry
Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Then, in August 1485, Henry
Tudor and his uncle, Jasper Tudor, landed in southern Wales with a
contingent of French troops, and marched through Pembrokeshire,
recruiting soldiers. Henry's forces defeated Richard's army near
the Leicestershire town of Market Bosworth. Richard was slain,
making him the last English king to die in battle. Henry Tudor
then ascended the throne as Henry VII. Historians consider
Bosworth Field to be a defining moment of English and Welsh
history. Richard's corpse was taken to the nearby town of
Leicester and buried without ceremony. His original tomb monument
is believed to have been removed during the English Reformation,
and his remains were wrongly thought to have been thrown into the
River Soar. In 2012, an archaeological excavation was commissioned
by the Richard III Society on the site previously occupied by Grey
Friars Priory. The University of Leicester identified the skeleton
found in the excavation as that of Richard III as a result of
radiocarbon dating, comparison with contemporary reports of his
appearance, identification of trauma sustained at the Battle of
Bosworth and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two
matrilineal descendants of his sister Anne. He was reburied in
Leicester Cathedral on March 26, 2015. The Battle Of Bosworth
Field (or Battle of Bosworth) was the last significant battle of
the Wars Of The Roses, the civil war between the Houses of
Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half
of the 15th century. Fought on August 22, 1485, the battle was won
by the Lancastrians. Their leader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond,
by his victory became the first English monarch of the Tudor
dynasty. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Roots Of
Resistance: The Underground Railroad DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1800: #BOTD: #HBD! Nat Turner,
African American slave who led a two-day rebellion of slaves and
free blacks in Southampton County, Virginia on August 21, 1831 (d.
November 11, 1831) is #born into slavery in Southampton County, a
rural plantation area in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Nat
Turner's Rebellion, also known as the Southampton Insurrection,
caused the death of approximately sixty white men, women and
children. Whites organized militias and called out regular troops
to suppress the uprising. In addition, white militias and mobs
attacked blacks in the area, killing an estimated 120, many of
whom were not involved in the revolt; no one was arrested, tried
or executed for these crimes. The rebels went from plantation to
plantation, gathering horses and guns, freeing other slaves along
the way, and recruiting other blacks who wanted to join their
revolt. During the rebellion, Virginia legislators targeted free
blacks with a colonization bill, which allocated new funding to
remove them, and a police bill that denied free blacks trials by
jury and made any free blacks convicted of a crime subject to sale
and relocation. In the aftermath, the state tried those accused of
being part of Turner's slave rebellion, 18 were executed, 14 were
transported out of state and several were acquitted. Turner hid
successfully for two months. When found, he was tried, convicted,
sentenced to death, hanged and possibly beheaded. His burial
details are unknown. Across Virginia and other southern states,
state legislators passed new laws to control slaves and free
blacks. They prohibited education of slaves and free blacks,
restricted rights of assembly for free blacks, withdrew their
right to bear arms (in some states), and to vote (in North
Carolina, for instance), and required white ministers to be
present at all black worship services. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Adolf
Hitler Documentaries Collection DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1847: #BOTD: Paul Von
Hindenburg, German field marshal, statesman, and politician who
led and controlled German policy and Germany's military in the
second half of World War I, elected the 2nd President Of Germany
from 1925 until his death in 1934 who played the key role in the
Nazi "Seizure of Power" in January 1933 by appointing
Adolf Hitler chancellor of a "Government of National
Concentration" even though the Nazis were a plurality in
cabinet (d. August 2, 1934) is #born Paul Ludwig Hans Anton Von
Beneckendorff und Von Hindenburg in Posen, Prussia, the son of
Prussian junker Hans Robert Ludwig Von Beneckendorff und Von
Hindenburg (1816-1902) and his wife Luise Schwickart (1825-1893),
the daughter of physician Karl Ludwig Schwickart and wife Julie
Moennich; the dual surname, Beneckendorff und Von Hindenburg, was
adopted in 1789 in order to secure an inheritance, and while this
dual surname appeared in formal documents, in everyday life, they
were Von Beneckendorffs. Paul was proud of his family and could
trace his ancestors back to 1289. His paternal grandparents were
Otto Ludwig Fady Von Beneckendorff und Von Hindenburg (1778-1855),
through whom he was remotely descended from the illegitimate
daughter of Count Heinrich VI of Waldeck, and his wife Eleonore
Von Brederfady (d. 1863). Hindenburg was also a direct descendant
of Martin Luther and his wife Katharina Von Bora, through their
daughter Margarethe Luther. His immediately family, including
Hindenburg's younger brothers Otto (b. 1849) and Bernhard (b.
1859), and sister Ida (b. 1851), were all Lutheran Protestants in
the Evangelical Church Of Prussia, which since 1817 included both
Calvinist and Lutheran parishioners. Hindenburg retired from the
army for the first time in 1911, but was recalled shortly after
the outbreak of World War I in 1914. He first came to national
attention at the age of 66 as the victor of the decisive Battle Of
Tannenberg in August 1914. As Germany's Chief of the General Staff
from August 1916, Hindenburg's reputation rose greatly in German
public esteem. He and his deputy Erich Ludendorff then led Germany
in a de facto military dictatorship throughout the remainder of
the war, marginalizing German Emperor Wilhelm II as well as the
German Reichstag (Parliament). Hindenburg retired again in 1919,
but returned to public life in 1925 to be elected the second
President of Germany. In 1932, Hindenburg was persuaded to run for
re-election as German president, although 84 years old and in poor
health, because he was considered the only candidate who could
defeat Hitler. Hindenburg was re-elected in a runoff. He was
opposed to Hitler and was a major player in the increasing
political instability in the Weimar Republic that ended with
Hitler's rise to power. He dissolved the Reichstag twice in 1932
and finally, under pressure, agreed to appoint Hitler Chancellor
of Germany in January 1933. Hindenburg did this to satisfy
Hitler's demands that he should play a part in the Weimar
Government despite losing the election. In February, he signed off
on the Reichstag Fire Decree, which suspended various civil
liberties, and in March he signed the Enabling Act of 1933, which
gave Hitler's regime arbitrary powers. Hindenburg died the
following year, after which Hitler declared the office of
President vacant and made himself head of state. Paul Von
Hindenburg died at the age of 86 from lung cancer at his home in
Neudeck, East Prussia. Hitler had him buried in the Tannenberg War
Memorial Monument in East Prussia (now a part of Poland), the site
of Hindenburg's greatest victory in the First World War. Hitler
also honored him by having his portrait on all silver coins issued
by the Third Reich. In 1946, after World War II destroyed much of
Europe, his remains were removed to the Elisabethkirche in
Marburg, Germany. According to Von Tschirschky, who later defected
to The United Kingdom, when Hindenburg's will was read, Adolf
Hitler registered surprise and confusion when the will ordered to
restore the German monarchy; it criticised the Nazis and supported
democracy, argued for the establishment of a constitutional
monarchy with clear separation of powers, and the abolition of all
forms of racial and religious discrimination. Howevewr, a few days
after his death, the Nazis released their own version of
Hindenburg's final "political testament", saying that
the will had recommended that Hitler take over the destinies of
the Third Reich instead. Hindeburg's actual will had been
hand-delivered to Hitler by Hindenburg's Nazi supporting son Oskar
at Hitler's Obsersalzberg home at Berchtengarden in two sealed
envelopes. Present were Hitler, Von Panen, Baron Guenther Von
Tschirechky Und Bogendorf, and Constantin Van Neurath. "Hitler
opened both envelopes." said the Baron. "After he had
read the contents of the testament he became extremely confounded
and surprised, and was very pale. 'In somewhat confused phrases,
he immediately spoke of the contents of the testament,
particularly the second part, addressed *To My Reich Chancellor",
in which Hindenburg ordered Hitler to set up a monarchy in
Germany. "Hitler stammered that he himself was in favour of a
monarchy, but not at this moment, and that it would be impossible
to publish such a thing." Tschirschky said he interrupted to
say that the last testament of the Reichspresldent should be
published under any circumstance. "Upon this Hitler flew into
a rage and declared that tbe last will of the Reichspresldent is
addressed to him and concerned only him, and that he would decide
what actions will be taken.' Hitler kept this information from the
people, and the will as published recommended instead that he, the
Fuehrer, take over the destinies of the Third Reich, he said,
adding that when the second part was "suppressed" both
Von Panen and Neurath maintained silence. Tschirschky asserted the
"rough copy" of Hindenburg's will was made by Papen but
that he did not write the final sentence in which Hitler was
recommended to the German nation and the National Socialism
movement was praised. So it was that, when Hitler received word
that Hindenburg was on his deathbed, he had the cabinet pass the
"Law Concerning The Head Of State Of The German Reich,"
which stipulated that upon Hindenburg's death, the office of
President would be abolished and its powers merged with those of
the Chancellor under the title of Fuehrer Und Reichskanzler
(Leader And Chancellor Of The Reich); two hours after Hindenburg's
death, it was announced that as a result of this law, Hitler was
now both Germany's head of state and head of government, thereby
eliminating the last remedy by which he could be legally
dismissed, and cementing his status as the absolute dictator of
Germany; publicly, Hitler announced that the presidency was
"inseparably united" with Hindenburg, and it would not
be appropriate for the title to ever be used again. Thus began
Gleichschaltung (German Nazification) as Adolf Hitler become
Fuehrer of Germany upon Hindenburg's death. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War
I: The War Years Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1851: #BOTD: #HBD! Ferdinand
Foch, French general and Marshal of France, Great Britain and
Poland, a military theorist and the Supreme Allied Commander
during the First World War (d. March 20, 1929) is #born Ferdinand
Jean Marie Foch in Tarbes, a municipality in the department of
Hautes-Pyrenees, in southwestern France, into a devout Catholic
family. His last name reflects the ancestry of his father, a civil
servant from Valentine, a village in Haute-Garonne, whose lineage
may trace back to 16th-century Alsace. An aggressive, even
reckless commander at the First Marne, Flanders, and Artois
Campaigns of 1914-1916, Foch became the Allied Commander-In-Chief
in 1918 and successfully coordinated the French, British,
American, and Italian efforts into a coherent whole, deftly
handling his strategic reserves. At the outbreak of war in August
1914, Foch' XX Corps participated in the brief invasion of Germany
before retiring in the face of a German counter-attack and
successfully blocking the Germans short of Nancy. Ordered west to
defend Paris, Foch' prestige soared as a result of the victory at
the Marne, for which he was widely credited as a chief protagonist
while commanding the French Ninth Army. He was then promoted again
to Assistant Commander-in-Chief for the Northern Zone, a role
which evolved into command of Army Group North, and in which role
he was required to cooperate with the British forces at Ypres and
the Somme. At the end of 1916, partly owing to the disappointing
results of the latter offensive and partly owing to wartime
political rivalries, Foch was transferred to Italy. Foch was
ultimately appointed "Commander-in-Chief of the Allied
Armies" on 26 March 1918 following being the
Commander-in-Chief of Western Front with title Generalissime in
1918. He played a decisive role in halting a renewed German
advance on Paris in the Second Battle Of The Marne, after which he
was promoted to Marshal of France. On November 11, 1918 Foch
accepted the German request for an armistice. Foch advocated peace
terms that would make Germany unable to pose a threat to France
ever again. Foch considered the Treaty Of Versailles too lenient
on Germany and as the Treaty was being signed on June 28, 1919, he
declared: "This is not a peace. It is an armistice for twenty
years". His words proved prophetic: the Second World War
started twenty years and 64 days later. Ferdinand Foch died of a
heart attack in Paris, France, aged 77. He is buried in Les
Invalides, next to Napoleon and other famous French soldiers and
officers; initially he was interred in the crypt of the
Saint-Louis Church, or Caveau des Gouverneurs, but in 1937 his
remains were transferred to a monumental tomb sculpted by Paul
Landowski, with inspiration from the 15th-century tomb of Philippe
Pot, at the center of the Dome Church's northeastern chapel
(Chapelle Saint-Ambroise). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Road To
Infamy: The Countdown Years Pearl Harbor Attack DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1871: #BOTD: #HBD: Cordell
Hull, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 47th United States
Secretary Of State, Nobel Prize laureate (d. July 23, 1955) is
#born in a log cabin in Olympus, Tennessee, which is now part of
Pickett County, Tennessee, but was then part of Overton County.
Hull was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee.
He is known as the longest-serving Secretary Of State, holding the
position for 11 years (1933-1944) in the administration of
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during most of World War II.
Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in
establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President
Roosevelt as the "Father of the United Nations". Born in
Olympus, Tennessee, he pursued a legal career after graduating
from the Cumberland School of Law. He won election to the
Tennessee House of Representatives and served in Cuba during the
Spanish-American War. He represented Tennessee in the United
States House Of Representatives from 1907 to 1921 and from 1923 to
1931. As a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, Hull
helped pass the Revenue Act of 1913 and the Revenue Act of 1916,
which implemented the federal income tax and the federal estate
tax. He served as Chairman of the Democratic National Committee
from 1921 to 1924 and was a presidential candidate at the 1928
Democratic National Convention. Hull won election to the Senate in
1930, but resigned from the Senate in 1933 to become Secretary Of
State. Roosevelt and Hull pursued the Good Neighbor policy, which
sought to avoid U.S. intervention in Latin American affairs. In
the aftermath of Mexican agrarian reforms, he developed the Hull
Doctrine as a way to compensate foreign investors in the aftermath
of nationalization. In November 1941, he presented the Hull Note
to Japan, officially the Outline of Proposed Basis for Agreement
Between the United States and Japan, demanding Japanese withdrawal
from French Indochina and China. It was the final proposal
delivered to the Empire Of Japan by the United States before the
attack on Pearl Harbor and the Japanese declaration of war. The
note was delivered on November 26, 1941 and is named for Secretary
Of State Cordell Hull. It was the culmination of a series of
events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1943, Hull and
his staff drafted the document that became the United Nations
Charter. Hull resigned as Secretary Of State due to poor health in
1944. Cordell Hull died at his home in Washington, D.C., after a
lifelong struggle with familial remitting-relapsing sarcoidosis
(inflammation of the cells particularly in the lungs, often
confused with tuberculosis) at age 83. He is buried in the vault
of the Chapel of St. Joseph Of Arimathea in the Washington
National Cathedral. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Groucho
Marx & The Marx Bros OTR Radio Show MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1890: #BOTD: #HBD! Groucho
Marx, American comedian, actor and cultural icon (d. August 19,
1977) is #born Julius Henry Marx in a room above a butcher's shop
on East 78th Street, "Between Lexington & 3rd" in
Manhattan, New York. He was known as a master of quick wit and is
widely considered one of the best comedians of the modern era. He
made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers (Harpo
Marx and Chico Marx), of whom he was the third-born. He also had a
successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and
television game show You Bet Your Life. His distinctive
appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included
quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, glasses, cigar, and
a thick greasepaint mustache and eyebrows. These exaggerated
features resulted in the creation of one of the world' most
ubiquitous and recognizable novelty disguises, known as Groucho
glasses: a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, large
plastic nose, bushy eyebrows and mustache. Groucho Marx died of
pneumonia at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center at the age of 86. Media
coverage of Groucho's death and legacy was somewhat overshadowed
by the sudden death of Elvis Presley three days previously. Marx
was cremated and the ashes are interred in the Eden Memorial Park
Cemetery in Los Angeles. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Chasing A
Rainbow: Life Josephine Baker DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1925: Aesthetics: Performing
Arts: Premieres: Theatre Premieres: Frenh Theatre Premieres: --
The Revue Negre, including Josephine Baker and Sidney Bechet,
opens at the Theatre des Champs-Elysees in Paris. The show was an
example of Negrophilia, derived from the French negrophilie that
means "love of the negro", a term that avant-garde
artists used amongst themselves to describe their fetishization of
Black culture. Its origins were concurrent with art movements such
as surrealism and Dadaism in the late nineteenth century. Sources
of inspiration were inanimate African art objects (L'Art Negre)
such as masks and wooden carvings that found their way into
Paris's flea markets and galleries alike (products of France's
colonial exploitation), which inspired artworks such as Picasso's
Les Demoiselles d' Avignon that found their way into Paris as a
result of colonial looting of Africa as well as live performances
by Black people, many of whom were ex-soldiers remaining in
European cities after World War I, who had no choice but to
entertain as a source of income. Equally of interest to
avant-garde creators were live arts such as dance, music and
theatrical performances by Black artists, as evidenced by the
popularity of comic artist Chocolat and the musical review Les
Heureux Negres (1902). Avant-garde artists recognised for their
negrophilia interests include poet and art critic Guillaume
Apollinaire, artists Jean Cocteau, Tristan Tzara, Man Ray, Paul
Colin, surrealists Georges Bataille and Michel Leiris, and
political activist Nancy Cunard. The During 1920-1930s Paris,
negrophilia was a craze to collect African art, to listen to jazz,
and to dance the Charleston, the Lindy Hop or the Black Bottom,
were signs of being modern and fashionable. Perhaps the most
popular revue and entertainer during this time was La Revue Negre
(1925) starring Josephine Baker, whose style of dancing literary
critic at the time Gerard Bauer said was the dawning of the
romanticism of "couleur" (meaning "dark skin"),
as opposed to "exoticism," because romanticism was felt
by the heart, and was not just a scientific inquiry. Bauer, the
biological (but illegitimate) grandson of the author Alexandre
Dumas pere (his father Henry was born of an extramarital
relationship), was a prolific author and chronicler in Paris, and
would later become a member of the Academie Goncourt and the
Societe des gens des lettres (Society of Persons of Letters),
which defended the rights of authors. As he described it, the
animal-like intensity of Josephine Baker's dancing, for example,
transported the viewer to a new state of feeling and not just
curiosity. In addition to her color and near complete nudity, what
elicited these feelings were Ms. Baker's movements - near
perpetual trembling, her body extended like a serpent with
elements of a contortionist, and ending on all fours with her head
on the stage and her derriere in the air. Similarly, the African
bamboula dance was described as a "frenzy" of noise and
movement where one loses oneself, and where the dance becomes
nearly a sexual act. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Last
Chapter: The End Of Jewish Life In Poland DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1944: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): The Eastern Front Of World War II: The Polish
Resistance Movement In World War II: Operation Tempest (Polish:
Akcja Burza, "Operation Storm"): The Warsaw Uprising:
(Polish: Powstanie Warszawskie; German: Warschauer Aufstand) (The
August Uprising [Polish: Powstanie Sierpniowe]): The Destruction
Of Warsaw: -- German troops bring an end to the Warsaw Uprising
that began on August 1, a major World War II operation by the
Polish underground resistance led by the Polish Home Army to
liberate Warsaw from German occupation. The uprising was timed to
coincide with the retreat of the German forces from Poland ahead
of the Soviet advance. While approaching the eastern suburbs of
the city, the Red Army temporarily halted combat operations,
enabling the Germans to regroup and defeat the Polish resistance
and to raze the city in reprisal. The Uprising was fought for 63
days with little outside support. It was the single largest
military effort taken by any European resistance movement during
World War II. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Road
To Brown: Battle Against Plessy v Ferguson DVD Download USB
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1967: First African Americans
(First Black Americans, First American Black People, First
American Blacks): The United States: The History Of The United
States: The Supreme Court Of The United States (SCOTUS):
Retirements From The Supreme Court Of The United States (SCOTUS):
The Swearing-In Of Associate Justice Of The Supreme Court Of The
United States Thurgood Marshall: -- Thurgood Marshall is sworn in
as the first African American associate justice of the U.S.
Supreme Court. Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 - January 24, 1993)
was an American lawyer, civil rights activist, jurist, Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court, 32nd Solicitor General of the United
States, first African American Supreme Court justice on the U.S.
Supreme Court (from October 1967 until October 1991) and Prince
Hall Freemason . Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its
first African American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he
successfully argued several cases before the Supreme Court. Born
in Baltimore, Maryland, Marshall graduated from the Howard
University School of Law in 1933. He established a private legal
practice in Baltimore before founding the NAACP Legal Defense and
Educational Fund, where he served as executive director. In that
position, he argued several cases before the Supreme Court,
including Smith v. Allwright, Shelley v. Kraemer, and Brown v.
Board of Education, which held that racial segregation in public
education is a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. In 1961,
President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to United States
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Four years later,
President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall as the United
States Solicitor General. In 1967, Johnson successfully nominated
Marshall to succeed retiring Associate Justice Tom C. Clark.
Marshall retired during the administration of President George H.
W. Bush, and was succeeded by Clarence Thomas. Thurgood Marshall
was a Prince Hall Freemason and Scottish Rite Freemason (known in
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hirohito:
Behind The Myth War Responsiblity MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2, 1975: Japan: The History Of
Japan: Japan-United States Relations: The State Visit Of Emperor
Hirohito And Empress Nagako To The White House: -- Japanese
Emperor Hirohito and Japanese Empress Nagako arrive for the first
time at the White House. They are the guests of honor at a state
dinner hosted by President Gerald Ford and First Lady Betty Ford,
the first held in honor of the Japanese head of state. Gerald Ford
served on the aircraft carrier USS Monterey (CVL-26) as a gunnery
officer during the Pacific War of World War II, and in this
capacity saw action against the Japanese, including kamikaze air
attacks, making his reception of the Japanese Emperor especially
poignant. Hirohito, 124th Emperor of Japan according to the
traditional order of succession, reigning from December 25, 1926,
until his death on January 7, 1989, was born on April 29, 1901.
Hirohito was succeeded by his eldest son, Akihito. In Japan, he is
now referred to primarily by his posthumous name, Emperor Showa.
The word Showa is the name of the era that corresponded with the
Emperor's reign, and was made the Emperor's own name upon his
death. The name Hirohito means "abundant benevolence".
At the start of his reign, Japan was already one of the great
powers - the ninth-largest economy in the world, the third-largest
naval power, and one of the four permanent members of the council
of the League Of Nations. He was the head of state under the
Constitution of the Empire Of Japan during Japan's imperial
expansion, militarization, and involvement in World War II, while
the country was led by militarist Prime Minister Hideki Tojo.
Following the dropping of two atomic bombs by the U.S., he made a
radio address urging his people to stop fighting. After Japan's
surrender, he remained as the symbolic head of state in Japan' new
parliamentary government, and he was not prosecuted for war crimes
as many other leading government figures were, and his degree of
involvement in wartime decisions remains controversial. In 1946,
he renounced his divinity and then pursued his interest in marine
biology, becoming a recognized authority in the subject. During
the post-war period, he became the symbol of the new state under
the post-war constitution and Japan's recovery, and by the end of
his reign, Japan had emerged as the world's second largest
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Archival Cartoon Classics #1 Follow The Bouncing Ball MP4 Download
DVD
Today, October 2, 2025
October 2: World Farm Animals Day: --
Today we shed light and brings awareness regarding the abuse and
maltreatment of animals. It makes us remember that millions of
innocent animals have lost their lives at large factory farms.
This day also aims to introduce regulations to fight for the
equality of all animals, regardless of their life cycles, so
quality meat and related products can be obtained from healthy and
well-treated animals. World Farm Animals Day is also known as the
'World Day for Farmed Animals' and is celebrated on the birthday
of the legendary spiritual leader and human rights activist,
Mahatma Gandhi. He said he believed all living things needed to be
treated equally and with respect and dignity, including animals of
all kinds. This day was founded as a part of an international Farm
Animal Rights Movement campaign in 1983. The day raises awareness
regarding the prolonged suffering that the farm animals have been
subjected to and also about their brutal slaughter. For the
thousands of people who observe this day, the main goal is to
encourage others to work on creating a compassionate world where
animals are not treated as mere products. Over the centuries,
billions of farm animals have been killed for food in massive
factory farms and slaughterhouses worldwide. It is not all doom
and gloom; there is light at the end of the tunnel for these farm
animals. A farming scheme approved by the Royal Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, or R.S.P.C.A., was created and
implemented around a quarter of a century ago. It is a good
solution for farmers who strive for higher animal welfare
standards and also for shoppers who want to support such welfare
farming. Today, with movements like vegetarianism and veganism,
animals and their rights are regularly put at the forefront.
Today, such conversations and actions concerning animal welfare
and good treatment occur more frequently.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Audio
Recording History Films Collection DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2: Audiophile Day: -- Hi-Fi, or
HiFi, is short for high-fidelity and this term describes the
highest quality of sound reproduction. Enthusiasts of this type of
technology, called audiophiles, may work in the industry or they
may simply be passionate about home audio with high quality sound.
It's a unique collection of folks who not only enjoy amazing
sounds, but many are also obsessed with the audio gadgets that
bring the sound to them in incredible ways and the way the songs
are recorded and reproduced. Audiophile Day is here to pay some
respect and honor to those whose ears are more attuned to the
highest standards in stereo sound and reproduction, giving them
credit and thanking them for the impact they make on the world,
particularly in the world of music! Audiophile Day was established
in 2016 with the idea of showing honor and respect to the group of
people who absolutely love hi-fidelity music and sound
reproduction. With enthusiasm and passion, audiophiles have
developed along with the technology that made it possible. Gaining
popularity in the 1960s and 1970s, the history of this type of
hi-fi music can actually be traced all the way back to the 1920s
when recording and amplification devices were first produced.
Ranging from young to old, with a wide variety of nationalities
coming from all over the world, and a huge range of music tastes,
audiophiles have in common their passion for sound - and that
brings them together. Audiophile Day is the perfect time for all
of these folks to celebrate and be celebrated!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: And
Away We Go! US Cars + Bonus Internal Combusion Engine MP4 DVD
Today, October 2, 2025October 2: National Name Your Car Day: --
Name your little red corvette "Swifty" and see what
happens! Today pays homage to those of us who love our rides so
much - we name them! Although it sounds crazy, studies reveal that
when we name inanimate objects, like our cars, we assign almost
human-like attributes that make us feel more in control. National
Name Your Car Day is yet another demonstration of that love thang
we Americans have with our rides. So, today, jump in "Birdie"
and take off! Unfortunately, many people do not think about naming
their cars. National Name Your Car Day has been set aside
especially for those of you who may have forgotten this little
ritual. It's very common for people to name their boats so why is
it that some people forget to name their car? Let's face it, our
cars do a lot for us and many of us would be lost without them so
why not take the time to think of a good name for your daily
companion. If it weren't for him/her how would you get to work?
How would you go shopping? How would you take the kids to soccer
practice? Yes, they are always there for us whenever we need them.
Who could ask for more dependability than this. On National Name
Your Car Day take the time to choose a name that your car will be
proud of. National Name Your Car Day is celebrated in many
different places all over the world. If you think about it, a lot
of us spend more time with our cars than we do most humans. They
take us to and from work. They are there for us when we need to
get somewhere in an emergency. They never let us down, and so it
is only right that we at least award them with a name, right?
Naming our cars makes them seem human! We can remember all of the
famous cars in films, especially from the latest Disney and Pixar
Cars films. Not only this, but naming our cars can make them seem
more intelligent while also helping us to feel safer in the
process too. Some people even enjoy talking to their cars while
they are on the road, especially when taking a long drive. After
all, it can get a bit lonely right? When you consider this, it is
not difficult to see why naming your car is a good idea!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Birds
Do It (1966) Soupy Sales Movie DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2: National Custodial Worker
Recognition Day (National Custodian Day, National Janitor Day): --
From schools and churches to office buildings and apartment
complexes, modern buildings are in need of special care and upkeep
for them to be able to function properly on an ongoing basis. And
National Custodial Worker Recognition Day is just the time to pay
attention to those who are tasked with taking care of them!
National Custodial Worker Recognition Day is an annual celebration
where people get together to pay tribute to and give their thanks
to those men and women who work tirelessly to clean and maintain
the many buildings that are used for all kinds of reasons on a
daily basis. The purpose of this important day is to show these
maintenance workers that everything they do is recognized and
appreciated - and to prevent them from feeling like what they are
doing is an otherwise thankless job. From setting up and tearing
down chairs to mopping floors and keeping the parking lot clean,
custodians provide services that don't typically get noticed,
unless they don't do them! National Custodial Worker Recognition
Day, sometimes known as Custodian Appreciation Day, is
particularly celebrated within organizations that rely heavily on
custodial workers. These workers do all they can behind the scenes
to ensure that everything is up to scratch, to keep their
buildings looking pristine and to create an enjoyable working
space for their staff, clients, students, customers and more! As
educational institutions, schools are among those who are most
reliant on custodial workers, because everyone knows that kids can
be messy sometimes! On this day, school kids, teachers and staff
are encouraged to show their thanks and celebrate National
Custodial Worker Recognition Day by giving some special attention
and thanks to the school custodian. Businesses as well as
government and public buildings can also use this holiday to make
a big deal out of those folks who might usually blend into the
background. National Custodial Worker Recognition Day is an ideal
opportunity to remember every time a public restroom is clean,
when there is always enough toilet paper in the stall, and the
light bulbs in the office or the hallways are always working!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
World: A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 2, 2025October 2: Sekaten (Indonesia): -- A
vibrant celebration in Indonesia that pulses with energy and
tradition. It honors the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. It reminds
people of the significance of Islamic teachings in their lives.
The day also emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural
traditions and blending religious devotion with local customs. On
this day, the streets come alive with music, dances, and the
joyful sounds of the gamelan, a traditional Javanese musical
ensemble. People from all walks of life gather to participate in
the festivities, creating a lively atmosphere that reflects the
region's deep cultural heritage. The air is thick with the smell
of local delicacies, as vendors offer a variety of foods, adding
to the feast of the senses. It's a day that brings communities
together, celebrating their history and shared values. Sekaten
began in the 15th century during the reign of Sultan
Hamengkubuwono I in Yogyakarta. The festival was created as a way
to spread Islamic teachings among the Javanese people. At the
time, the Sultan wanted to introduce Islam to the local population
while still respecting their cultural traditions. To do this, he
combined Islamic rituals with elements of Javanese culture, making
the new religion more accessible. The celebration was initially
centered around the mosque, where religious leaders would teach
about Islam. Music, especially the gamelan, played a big role in
attracting people to these gatherings. The Sultan believed that
the sounds of the gamelan would draw crowds, making it easier to
share Islamic teachings with them. Over the years, Sekaten grew in
popularity and became a significant event in the region. Each
year, more people joined the festivities, blending religious
devotion with traditional culture. The festival now serves as a
reminder of how Islam was introduced to Java in a way that honored
local customs. Today, Sekaten continues to thrive, still rooted in
its original purpose. It symbolizes the harmonious blend of faith
and culture in Javanese society.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Revelation: The History Of Christianity DVD, Video Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2: Guardian Angels Day: -- A day
that seeks to recognize the protective roles that guardian angels
have in our lives. The Catholics also celebrate the Memorial of
the Holy Guardian Angels or the Feast of the Guardian Angels.
There is a lot to celebrate on a day like this. Results of various
surveys revealed that more than 75% of Americans believe that
guardian angels exist. With this kind of statistic, it follows
that there exists a Guardian Angel Day. This day was created to
say thanks and to recognize the guardian angels in our lives. We
also get to reflect on the roles guardian angels have played in
different religions and cultures. In addition to it being Guardian
Angel day, October 2 is also set aside by Catholics to celebrate
the Feast of Guardian Angels. The celebrations of guardian angels
started all the way in the 11th century A.D. and this belief
already gained a foothold in the Catholic Church around the 12th
century. The Feast of Guardian Angels was first authorized in 1608
by Pope Paul V, in honor of guardian angels. In the 1670s, the
then Pope, Pope Clement X made October 2 the official date for the
Feast of Guardian Angels, which was also made an obligatory double
feast. Both Christians and non-Christians believe that angels
exist and their main job is to protect and guide us through our
lives. Guardian angels are believed to come from the lowest rank
of angels. There is mention of guardian angels as early as
Biblical times. In the Old Testament, guardian angels sometimes
descended to interfere in human affairs. The New Testament also
talked about angels as a middleman between God and man. This
belief in angels had already gained ground in Christianity by the
5th century A.D. Muslims also believe in guardian angels. They
believe everyone has two guardian angels, one in front of them,
and another behind them.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Archival Cartoon Classics #2 Mutt And Jeff History And More! MP4
DVD
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1936: Grand Finales: Film
Finales: American Film Finales: Cartoon Finales: American Cartoon
Finales: -- Rainbow Parade, a series of 26 animated shorts
produced by Van Beuren Studios and distributed to theaters by RKO
between 1934 and 1936, has its 26th and last cartoon, Toonerville
Picnic, released to theaters. Rainbow Parade was the only
all-color series produced by Van Beuren., and the final series of
the studio. Many of the Rainbow Parade cartoons were one-shot
stories with no recurring characters, but several of the films
featured Parrotville Parrots, Molly Moo-Cow, Toonerville Folks,
and Felix the Cat. This series was purchased by Commonwealth
Pictures in 1941 and was later syndicated for television,
sometimes under the name Kolor Kartoons. The first 13 cartoons in
the series were all produced in two-strip Cinecolor. Starting with
'Molly Moo and the Butterflies', the remainder of the series was
produced in three-strip Technicolor.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1803: #DOTD: #RIP: Samuel
Adams, American statesman, political philosopher, a leader of the
movement that became the American Revolution, one of the Founding
Fathers of the United States, one of the architects of the
principles of American republicanism that shaped the political
culture of the United States, second cousin to his fellow Founding
Father, President John Adams, 4th Governor of Massachusetts (b.
September 27 1722) #dies in Cambridge, Massachusetts after having
retired in 1797 due to tremors that kept him from working and
writing, aged 81. He is interred at the Granary Burying Ground in
Boston, Massachusetts. Adams was born in Boston, Massachusetts and
was brought up in a religious and politically active family. A
graduate of Harvard College, he was an unsuccessful businessman
and tax collector before concentrating on politics. He was an
influential official of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
and the Boston Town Meeting in the 1760s, and he became a part of
a movement opposed to the British Parliament's efforts to tax the
British American colonies without their consent. His 1768
Massachusetts Circular Letter calling for colonial non-cooperation
prompted the occupation of Boston by British soldiers, eventually
resulting in the Boston Massacre of 1770. Adams and his colleagues
devised a committee of correspondence system in 1772 to help
coordinate resistance to what he saw as the British government's
attempts to violate the British Constitution at the expense of the
colonies, which linked like-minded Patriots throughout the
Thirteen Colonies. Continued resistance to British policy resulted
in the 1773 Boston Tea Party and the coming of the American
Revolution. Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in 1774, at which
time Adams attended the Continental Congress in Philadelphia which
was convened to coordinate a colonial response. He helped guide
Congress towards issuing the Continental Association in 1774 and
the Declaration Of Independence in 1776, and he helped draft the
Articles Of Confederation and the Massachusetts Constitution.
Adams returned to Massachusetts after the American Revolution,
where he served in the state senate and was eventually elected
governor. Samuel Adams later became a controversial figure in
American history. Accounts written in the 19th century praised him
as someone who had been steering his fellow colonists towards
independence long before the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.
This view gave way to negative assessments of Adams in the first
half of the 20th century, in which he was portrayed as a master of
propaganda who provoked mob violence to achieve his goals. Both of
these interpretations have been challenged by some modern
scholars, who argue that these traditional depictions of Adams are
myths contradicted by the historical record.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: To The
Moon: The Story In Sound Set CD, MP3 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1909: The History Of Rocketry:
The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The
Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: The Discovery And
Exploration Of The Solar System: Missions To The Moon: Wan Hu
(Wan-Hoo, Wan Tu) (Tao Chengdao): The Legend Of Wan Hu: The
Legendary Moon Mission Of Wan Hu: -- Scientific American, using
the name Wang Tu instead of Wan Hu, first publishes a story about
the legendary Emperor's supposed flight to the Moon. Wan Hu, a
legendary Chinese Emperor or court Mandarin, supposedly of 2000 BC
or else the middle Ming dynasty (16th century), was described in
the 20th century sources of John Elfreth Watkins, Herbert S. Zim
and George Edward Pendray as the world's first space traveler
(astronaut) by being lifted by rockets into outer space. The
crater Wan-Hoo on the far side of the Moon is named after him. The
Legend Of Wan Hu begins with a precursor of the story of Wan Hu
appeared in the article "The Modern Icarus" by John
Elfreth Watkins published in the October 2, 1909 issue of
Scientific American, but used the name Wang Tu instead of Wan Hu:
"Tradition asserts that the first to sacrifice himself to the
problem of flying was Wang Tu, a Chinese mandarin of about 2,000
years B.C. Who, having had constructed a pair of large, parallel
and horizontal kites, seated himself in a chair fixed between them
while forty-seven attendants each with a candle ignited
forty-seven rockets placed beneath the apparatus. But the rocket
under the chair exploded, burning the mandarin and so angered the
Emperor that he ordered a severe paddling for Wang." The
possibly farcical text proceeds to describe several other
fictional stories of ancient aviators. A date of 2000 BC pre-dates
the emergence of writing in China by three or four centuries and
pre-dates the invention of gunpowder-based rockets in China by
about 3,000 years. The legend of "Wan Hu" was widely
disseminated by an unreferenced account in Rockets and Jets by
American author Herbert S. Zim in 1945. Another book from the same
year, by George Edward Pendray, describes it as an "oft
repeated tale of those early days." Most authorities consider
the story apocryphal: "Early in the sixteenth century, Wan
decided to take advantage of China's advanced rocket and fireworks
technology to launch himself into outer space. He supposedly had a
chair built with forty-seven rockets attached. On the day of
lift-off, Wan, splendidly attired, climbed into his rocket chair
and forty seven servants lit the fuses and then hastily ran for
cover. There was a huge explosion. When the smoke cleared, Wan and
the chair were gone, and was said never to have been seen again."
In a 2004 episode of the television series MythBusters, an attempt
was made to recreate Wan Hu's flight using materials that would
have been available to him. The chair exploded on the launch pad,
with the crash test dummy showing what would be severe burns. An
attempt was also made using a chair with modern rockets attached;
however, the uncontrollable craft proved that there were far too
many complications for such a thing to have succeeded. It was
determined that small rockets that can be strapped to a chair
cannot provide sufficient thrust to effectively lift it, giving
the legend the label of myth "busted". The view the crew
members had of the first test as it was performed matched what the
legend said; after the smoke from the explosion had cleared, both
Buster (the crash-test dummy) and the chair had disappeared,
though Buster and the remains of the chair were found next to the
'launch-pad'. In a show about inventions on Chinese Central
Television called Tian Gong Kai Wu, Wan Hu was said to be able to
lift himself only by a foot using rockets. In most Chinese
versions of Wan Hu's story, he is described as an unfortunate
pioneer of space travel who was burnt to death because of the
explosion caused by the rockets, instead of becoming the first
astronaut in history. In the BioWare game Jade Empire, the player
can read about a character named "Cao Shong" who straps
rockets to a chair in an effort to fly. The chair explodes,
killing him. In the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda, Po, the protagonist,
straps multiple rockets to a chair in an attempt to attend the
Dragon Warrior ceremony, after his attempts to climb the stairs
proved too arduous. As a result, he is then flung upwards and then
dumped rather unceremoniously into the palace courtyard.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: An
American Adventure: The Rocket Pilots X-15 DVD, Video Download,
USB
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1921: #BOTD: #RIP: Scott
Crossfield, American naval officer, engineer, fighter pilot, test
pilot and astronaut who became the first of twelve pilots who flew
the North American X-15 hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft and the
first pilot to fly at twice the speed of sound (d. April 19, 2006)
is #born Albert Scott Crossfield in Berkeley, California, and grew
up in southern California and rural southwest Washington.
Crossfield was played by Scott Wilson in the 1983 film The Right
Stuff. Crossfield graduated from Boistfort High School southwest
of Chehalis, attended the University of Washington in Seattle,
then worked for Boeing. He served with the U.S. Navy as a flight
instructor and fighter pilot during World War II. During this
time, he flew the F6F Hellcat and F4U Corsair fighters, as well as
SNJ trainers, and a variety of other aircraft. In 1950, Crossfield
joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics' (NACA)
High-Speed Flight Station (later called the NASA Dryden Flight
Research Center, and now named the Neil A. Armstrong Flight
Research Center) at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as an
aeronautical research pilot, more commonly called a test pilot.
Over the next five years, he flew nearly all of the experimental
aircraft under test at Edwards, including the X-1, XF-92, X-4,
X-5, Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, and the Douglas D-558-II
Skyrocket. During one of his X-1 flights, the cockpit windows
completely frosted and Crossfield was literally flying blind. Ever
resourceful, he removed a loafer, took off his sock, and created a
peep hole to reference his chase plane wingman all the way to
landing. On November 20, 1953, he became the first to fly at twice
the speed of sound as he piloted the Skyrocket to a speed of 1,291
mph (2,078 km/h, Mach 2.005). The Skyrocket D-558-II surpassed its
intended design speed by 25 percent on that day. With 99 flights
in the rocket-powered X-1 and D-558-II, Crossfield had, by a wide
margin, more experience with rocketplanes than any other pilot in
the world by the time he left Edwards to join North American
Aviation in 1955. As chief engineering test pilot for North
American, Crossfield played a major role in the design and
development of the North American X-15 and its systems. Once it
was ready to fly, it was his job to demonstrate its airworthiness
at speeds ranging up to Mach 3 (2,290 mph). Because the X-15 and
its systems were unproven, these tests were considered extremely
hazardous. Crossfield flew 14 of the 199 total X-15 flight tests
with most of these tests establishing and validating initial key
parameters. Crossfield was not only involved with the design of
X-15 from the beginning, but introduced many innovations,
including putting engine controls of the rocket plane into the
cockpit. Previously, all engine adjustments resulted from
technicians making adjustments on the ground based upon results of
flight profiles. It was during this time that Crossfield was part
of the U.S. Air Force's Man In Space Soonest project (MISS) to put
a man into outer space before the Soviet Union; the program was
cancelled on August 1, 1958, and was replaced by NASA's Project
Mercury. Altogether, Crossfield completed 16 captive flights
(mated to the B-52 launch aircraft), one glide flight and 13
powered flights in the X-15. The retirement of the X-15 (due to
funding cutbacks) after its record-setting Mach 6.70 (4,520 mph)
flight prompted pilot Pete Knight to remark that he would have
pushed it to even faster speeds if he knew it was the last flight.
In his remarks to a number of aviation groups, Crossfield cited
the X-15 as one of few aircraft that caused grown men to cry upon
its retirement. He had a famous rivalry with fellow test pilot
Chuck Yeager. On November 20, 1953, the U.S. Navy program
involving the D-558-II Skyrocket and its pilot, Scott Crossfield,
became the first team to reach twice the speed of sound. After
they were bested, Jack Ridley and Yeager decided to beat rival
Crossfield's speed record in a series of test flights that they
dubbed "Operation NACA Weep". Not only did they beat
Crossfield by setting a new record at Mach 2.44 on December 12,
1953, but they did it in time to spoil a celebration planned for
the 50th anniversary of flight in which Crossfield was to be
called "the fastest man alive". The new record flight,
however, did not entirely go to plan, since shortly after reaching
Mach 2.44, Yeager lost control of the X-1A at about 80,000 ft
(24,000 m) due to inertia coupling, a phenomenon largely unknown
at the time. With the aircraft simultaneously rolling, pitching,
and yawing out of control, Yeager dropped 51,000 ft (16,000 m) in
less than a minute before regaining control at around 29,000 ft
(8,800 m). He then managed to land without further incident. Scott
Crossfield died at age 84 when he pilots a Cessna 210A Centurion
aircraft that breaks up in the air during severe thunderstorms in
a remote area of Ludville in Pickens County, Georgia. The National
Transportation Safety Board reported this was caused by "The
pilot's failure to obtain updated en route weather information,
which resulted in his continued instrument flight into a
widespread area of severe convective activity, and the air traffic
controller's failure to provide adverse weather avoidance
assistance, as required by Federal Aviation Administration
directives, both of which led to the airplane's encounter with a
severe thunderstorm and subsequent loss of control." His
funeral ceremony was held at the Arlington National Cemetery on
August 15, 2006.
https://store.earthstation1.com/an-american-adventure-the-rocket-pilots-x15-d15.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Black
Stars In Orbit: The Black Astronauts Of NASA MP4 Download Or DVD
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1935: #BOTD: #HBD! Robert
Henry Lawrence Jr., United States Air Force officer and the first
African-American astronaut (d. December 8, 1967) is #born in
Chicago, Illinois. where he was raised. Lawrence attended Haines
Elementary School and, at age sixteen, graduated in the top 10
percent from Englewood High School in 1952. Four years later in
1956, he graduated from Bradley University with a Bachelor of
Science degree in chemistry. At Bradley, Lawrence became a member
of Omega Psi Phi fraternity and distinguished himself as Cadet
Commander in the Air Force ROTC and received the commission of
second lieutenant in the Air Force Reserve Program. At the age of
21, he was designated as a U.S. Air Force pilot after completing
flight training at Malden Air Force Base, Missouri. At 22, he
married Barbara Cress, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Henry Cress of
Chicago. By the time he was 25, he had completed an Air Force
assignment as an instructor pilot in the T-33 training aircraft
for the German Air Force. In 1965, Lawrence earned a PhD in
physical chemistry from Ohio State University. He was a senior
USAF pilot, accumulating well over 2,500 flight hours, 2,000 of
which were in jets. Lawrence flew many tests in the Lockheed F-104
Starfighter to investigate the gliding flight of various unpowered
spacecraft returning to Earth from orbit, such as the North
American X-15 rocket-plane. NASA cited Lawrence for
accomplishments and flight maneuver data that "contributed
greatly to the development of the Space Shuttle." In June
1967, Lawrence successfully completed the U.S. Air Force Test
Pilot School (Class 66B) at Edwards AFB, California. The same
month, he was selected by the USAF as an astronaut in the Air
Force's Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL) program, thus becoming the
country's first black astronaut. Lawrence and other MOL astronauts
laughed when asked at the announcement "Will you have to sit
in the back seat of the capsule?" When asked if his selection
was historic for race relations in the United States, Lawrence
answered "No, I don't think so. It's another one of those
things that we look forward to in civil rights -- normal
progression." He said that he had faced problems like other
black people, but, "Perhaps I have been more fortunate than
the others in the opportunities." Donald H. Peterson, chosen
for MOL with Lawrence, said, "I can't speak for all the
people in Mississippi," but that he was not reluctant to work
with a black man. Lawrence died when he was killed in a plane
crash at Edwards AFB, aged 32. He was flying backseat in an F-104
as the instructor pilot for flight test trainee Major Harvey
Royer, who was learning the steep-descent glide technique. Royer
made such an approach but flared too late. The airplane struck the
ground hard, its main gear failed, it caught fire, and rolled. The
canopy shattered and the plane bounced and skidded on the runway
for 2,000 feet (610 m). Major Royer ejected upward and survived,
with major injuries. The back seat, which delays a moment to avoid
hitting the front seat, ejected sideways, killing Lawrence
instantly. He was still strapped to his ejector seat; his
parachute failed to open and was dragged 75 feet (23 m) from the
wreck. Had Lawrence lived, he likely would have been among the MOL
astronauts who became NASA Astronaut Group 7 after MOL's
cancellation, all of whom flew on the Space Shuttle. He is buried
at Graceland Cemetery in his hometown of Chicago. During his brief
career, Lawrence earned the Air Force Commendation Medal, the
Outstanding Unit Citation. On December 8, 1997, his name was
inscribed on the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center
in Florida. A sidewalk plaque honoring Lawrence, part of the
Bronzeville Walk of Fame, can be found in his home town of
Chicago, near the Victory Memorial on the median of Martin Luther
King Drive near 35th Street. The 13th Northrop Grumman Cygnus
spacecraft, which launched on February 15, 2020, was named the
S.S. Robert H. Lawrence in his honor. The artist Tavares Strachan
dedicated his satellite sculpture ENOCH, launched in 2018, to
Lawrence. In 2020, NASA included Lawrence in a group of 27
pioneering African-American, Hispanic, and Native American
astronauts to commemorate by naming asteroids after them. The
asteroid, Robertlawrence 92892, is located in the main asteroid
belt between Mars and Jupiter. In 2024, his alma mater, Bradley
University, announced an art installation commemorating Lawrence
to be installed February 2025.
https://store.earthstation1.com/black-stars-in-orbit-the-black-astronauts-of-nasa-mp4-download-or-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War
Props: The Ilyushin IL-2 Sturmovik DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1939: Aviation: The History Of
Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Maiden Flights:
Military Aviation Maiden Flights: -- The prototype Ilyushin Il-2
Sturmovik, the TsKB-55, makes its first flight, after having won
the government competition against the Sukhoi Su-6 and receiving
the VVS designation BSh-2 (the BSh stood for "Bronirovani
Shturmovik" or armoured ground attack). The prototypes
TsKB-55 and TskB-57 were built at Moscow plant #39, at that time
the Ilyushin design bureau's base. The BSh-2 was overweight and
underpowered, with the original Mikulin AM-35 1,022 kW (1,371 hp)
engine designed to give its greatest power outputs at high
altitude. Because of this it was redesigned as the TsKB-57, a
lighter single-seat design, with the more powerful 1,254 kW (1,682
hp) Mikulin AM-38 engine, a development of the AM-35 optimised for
low level operation. The TsKB-57 first flew on 12 October 1940.
The production aircraft passed State Acceptance Trials in March
1941, and was redesignated Il-2 in April. Deliveries to
operational units commenced in May 1941. The Ilyushin Il-2
(appears in Western sources as Stormovik and Sturmovik, neither of
which give correct pronunciation in English) is a ground-attack
aircraft produced by the Soviet Union in large numbers during the
Second World War. To Il-2 pilots, the aircraft was simply the
diminutive "Ilyusha". To the soldiers on the ground, it
was the "Hunchback", the "Flying Tank" or the
"Flying Infantryman". Its postwar NATO reporting name
was "Bark". The Il-2 was never given an official name
and 'shturmovik' is the generic Russian word meaning ground attack
aircraft. The Il-2 aircraft played a crucial role on the Eastern
Front. When factories fell behind on deliveries, Joseph Stalin
told the factory managers that the Il-2s were "as essential
to the Red Army as air and bread." During the World War II,
36,183 units of the Il-2 were produced, and in combination with
its successor, the Ilyushin Il-10, a total of 42,330 were built,
making it the single most produced military aircraft design in
aviation history, as well as one of the most produced piloted
aircraft in history along with the American postwar civilian
Cessna 172 and the Soviet Union's own then-contemporary Polikarpov
Po-2 Kukuruznik multipurpose biplane.
https://store.earthstation1.com/war-props-the-ilyushin-il2-sturmovik-dvd-mp4-usb-flash-dri24.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
American Revolutionary War Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1780: The Age Of Enlightenment
(The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The
Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment: The American
Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: British Spies During
The American Revolution: British Spies Executed During The
American Revolution: -- #DOTD: British Major John Andre, head of
its Secret Service in America during the American Revolutionary
War (b.May 2, 1751) #dies when he is hanged as a spy for being
found in civilian clothes behind American lines assisting Benedict
Arnold's defection. On September 23, 1780, Andre was arrested near
Tarrytown, New York as a spy at 9 A.M. by armed American
militiamen John Paulding, Isaac Van Wart, and David Williams,
ultimately exposing Benedict Arnold's defection to British cause
by his attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York, to
the British. John Andre (May 2, 1751 - October 2, 1780) was
thereafter tried and hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.
Andre went up the Hudson River on the British sloop-of-war Vulture
on Wednesday, September 20, 1780 to visit Arnold. The presence of
the warship was discovered by two American privates, John Peterson
and Moses Sherwood the following morning on September 21. From
their position at Teller's Point they began to assail the Vulture
and a longboat associated with it with rifle and musket fire.
Pausing to secure more aid, Peterson and Sherwood headed to Fort
Lafayette at Verplanck's Point to request cannons and ammunition
from their commander Col. James Livingston. While they were gone,
a small boat furnished by Arnold was steered to the Vulture by
Joshua Hett Smith. At the oars were two brothers, tenants of
Smith's who reluctantly rowed the boat six miles on the river to
the sloop. Despite Arnold's assurances, the two oarsmen sensed
that something was wrong. None of these men knew Arnold's purpose
or suspected his treason; all were told that the purpose was to do
good for the patriot cause. Only Smith was told anything specific,
and that was the lie that it was to secure vital intelligence for
the American cause. The brothers finally agreed to row after
threats by Arnold to arrest them. They picked up Andre and placed
him on shore. The others left and Arnold came to Andre on
horseback, leading an extra horse for Andre's use. The two men
conferred in the woods below Stony Point on the river's west bank
until nearly dawn, after which Andre accompanied Arnold several
miles to the Joshua Hett Smith House (Treason House) in West
Haverstraw, New York, owned by Thomas Smith and occupied by his
brother Joshua. On the morning of September 22, the two American
patriots, Peterson and Sherwood launched a two-hour cannonade on
the Vulture, which sustained many hits and was forced to retire
down river. Their repulsion of the British sloop effectively
stranded Andre on shore. To aid Andre's escape through U.S. lines,
Arnold provided him with civilian clothes and a passport which
allowed him to travel under the name John Anderson. He bore six
papers hidden in his stocking, written in Arnold's hand, that
showed the British how to take the fort. This was unnecessary,
since Clinton already knew the fort's layout.Joshua Hett Smith,
who was accompanying him, left him just before he was captured.
Andre rode on in safety until Continental militiamen John
Paulding, Isaac Van Wart, and David Williams stopped him. Andre
thought that they were Tories because one was wearing a Hessian
soldier's overcoat. "Gentlemen," he said, "I hope
you belong to our party." "What party?" asked one
of the men. "The lower party," replied Andre, meaning
the British. "We do," was the answer. Andre then told
them that he was a British officer who must not be detained, when,
to his surprise, they said that they were Continentals, and that
he was their prisoner. He then told them that he was a U.S.
officer and showed them his passport, but the suspicions of his
captors were now aroused. They searched him and found Arnold's
papers in his stocking. Only Paulding could read and Arnold was
not initially suspected. Andre offered them his horse and watch,
if they would let him go, but they declined. Andre testified at
his trial that the men searched his boots for the purpose of
robbing him. Paulding realized that he was a spy and took him to
Continental Army headquarters in Sand's Hill (in today's Armonk,
New York, a hamlet within North Castle situated on the Connecticut
border of Westchester County. The prisoner was at first detained
at Wright's Mill in North Castle, before being taken back across
the Hudson to the headquarters of the American army at Tappan,
where he was held at a tavern today known as the '76 House. There
he admitted who he really was. At first, all went well for Andre
since post commandant Lieutenant Colonel John Jameson decided to
send him to Arnold, never suspecting that a high-ranking hero of
the Revolution could be a turncoat. But Major Benjamin Tallmadge,
head of Continental Army Intelligence, arrived, and persuaded
Jameson to bring the prisoner back. He offered intelligence
showing that a high-ranking officer was planning to defect to the
British but was unaware of who it was. Jameson sent General George
Washington the six sheets of paper carried by Andre, but he was
unwilling to believe that Benedict Arnold could be guilty of
treason. He therefore insisted on sending a note to Arnold
informing him of the entire situation. Jameson did not want his
army career to be wrecked later for having wrongly believed that
his general was a traitor. Arnold received Jameson's note while at
breakfast with his officers, made an excuse to leave the room, and
was not seen again. The note gave Arnold time to escape to the
British. An hour or so later, Washington arrived at West Point
with his party and was disturbed to see the stronghold's
fortifications in such neglect, part of the plan to weaken West
Point's defenses. Washington was further irritated to find that
Arnold had breached protocol by not being about to greet him. Some
hours later, Washington received the explanatory information from
Maj. Tallmadge and immediately sent men to arrest Arnold, but it
was too late. According to Tallmadge's account of the events, he
and Andre conversed during the latter's captivity and transport.
Andre wanted to know how he would be treated by Washington.
Tallmadge had been a classmate of Nathan Hale while both were at
Yale, and he described the capture of Hale. Andre asked whether
Tallmadge thought the situations similar; he replied, "Yes,
precisely similar, and similar shall be your fate," referring
to Hale having been hanged by the British as a spy. General
Washington convened a board of senior officers to investigate the
matter. The trial contrasted with Sir William Howe's treatment of
Hale some four years earlier. The board consisted of Major
Generals Nathanael Greene (the presiding officer), Lord Stirling,
Arthur St. Clair, Lafayette (who cried at Andre's execution),
Robert Howe, Steuben, Brigadier Generals Samuel H. Parsons, James
Clinton, Henry Knox, John Glover, John Paterson, Edward Hand,
Jedediah Huntington, John Stark, and Judge Advocate General John
Laurance. Andre's defense was that he was suborning an enemy
officer, "an advantage taken in war" (his words).
However, he did not attempt to pass the blame onto Arnold. Andre
told the court that he had neither desired nor planned to be
behind American lines. He also asserted that, as a prisoner of
war, he had the right to escape in civilian clothes. On September
29, 1780, the board found Andre guilty of being behind American
lines "under a feigned name and in a disguised habit"
and ordered that "Major Andre, Adjutant-General to the
British Army, ought to be considered as a Spy from the enemy, and
that agreeable to the law and usage of nations, it is their
opinion, he ought to suffer death." Glover was officer of the
day at Andre's execution. Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander
in New York, did all that he could to save Andre, his favourite
aide, but refused to surrender Arnold in exchange for him, even
though he personally despised Arnold. Andre appealed to George
Washington to be executed as a gentleman by being shot rather than
hanged as a "common criminal", but by the rules of war
he was hanged as a spy at Tappan, New York on October 2, 1780. A
religious poem was found in his pocket after his execution,
written two days beforehand. While a prisoner, he endeared himself
to American officers who lamented his death as much as the
British. Alexander Hamilton wrote of him: "Never perhaps did
any man suffer death with more justice, or deserve it less."
The day before his hanging, Andre drew a likeness of himself with
pen and ink, which is now owned by Yale College. Andre, according
to witnesses, placed the noose around his own neck.
https://store.earthstation1.com/american-revolutionary-war-dvd-documentaries.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Rhythm
And Blues Revue (1955) DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 2005: #DOTD: #RIP: Nipsey
Russell, African American soldier, medic, comedian, actor, poet
and dancer (b. September 15, 1918) #dies at age 87 in New York
City, after suffering from cancer. He was cremated and his ashes
scattered in the Atlantic Ocean. Born Julius Russell in Atlanta,
Georgia, Nipsey Russell is best known for his appearances as a
panelist on game shows from the 1960s through the 1990s, including
Match Game, Password, Hollywood Squares, To Tell the Truth, and
Pyramid. His appearances were often distinguished by short,
humorous poems he recited during the broadcast, which led to his
nickname "the poet laureate of television". He had one
of the leading roles in the film version of The Wiz as the Tin
Man. He was a frequent guest on the Dean Martin Celebrity Roast
series. He went to Booker T. Washington High School in Atlanta and
attended the University of Cincinnati for one semester in 1936. He
served as a medic in the United States Army during World War II,
enlisting as a private on June 27, 1941, and returning from Europe
in 1945 as a second lieutenant. He got his start as a comedian in
the 1940s as a carhop at the Atlanta drive-in The Varsity, where
he increased the tips he earned by making customers laugh. He was
discovered after he began performing in nightclubs in the 1950s.
He subsequently made many "party albums", which were
essentially compilations of his stand-up routines. In 1952,
Russell joined with film comedian Mantan Moreland for a stage act,
replacing Ben Carter as Moreland's dapper straight man. One of
their bits was an old routine that Moreland and Carter had
performed in vaudeville and in Charlie Chan films. In the
"interruption routine" (or "incomplete sentences")
Moreland would engage Russell in conversation, only to be
interrupted by Russell, who in turn was interrupted by Moreland.
Soon the entire conversation was conducted in incomplete
sentences, with each man anticipating or contradicting the other.
Their act can be seen in two all-black-cast compilation films,
Rhythm and Blues Review and Rock and Roll Revue; another variation
of the "interruption routine", performed by Tommy
Davidson and Savion Glover, was featured in Spike Lee's 2000 film
Bamboozled. A September 1957 appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show
led to several guest spots with Jack Paar on The Tonight Show, and
in 1961 a supporting role as a New York policeman, "Andy"
Anderson, in the sitcom Car 54, Where Are You? Russell returned to
the role in the feature-film version of Car 54, Where Are You?
(filmed in 1990, released in 1994), with "Anderson" now
serving as the precinct captain. In 1965 Russell became a co-host
of ABC's Les Crane Show. In 1970 he was a co-star on the ABC
sitcom Barefoot in the Park. From 1973 through 1976 he appeared
regularly on The Dean Martin Show and The Dean Martin Comedy
World. Scattered appearances on television series followed, as
well as occasional guest-host stints on The Tonight Show during
the Johnny Carson era. Russell also appeared frequently in Las
Vegas, including a series of appearances with Sergio Franchi at
the Frontier Hotel in 1978 and 1979,[9] and with Franchi in 1979
at the Sands Hotel Copa Room. He performed at Kutsher's Country
Club in Monticello, NY on January 1, 1977. Russell became the
first black performer to become a regular panelist on a daily
network game show when he joined ABC's Missing Links in 1964.
Another ABC show, Rhyme and Reason, had poetry as a premise. In
1971 he started as a featured panelist on To Tell the Truth, which
led to his being hired for The Match Game when Goodson-Todman
Productions revived it two years later. He also served as panelist
in 1968 on the syndicated version of What's My Line? Producer Bob
Stewart featured him regularly as a panelist on Pyramid throughout
its 1970s and 1980s runs. Russell would host two game show pilots:
one was Star Words for Mark Goodson in 1983 and a revival of
Jackpot for Bob Stewart in 1984. These pilots were shot for CBS,
but neither pilot was picked up by the network. Russell went on to
host two revivals of Jack Barry and Dan Enright's Juvenile Jury
for BET from 1983 to 1984, then again for syndication from 1989 to
1991. In 1985 he hosted the short-lived 1985 NBC game show Your
Number's Up, which was produced by Sande Stewart. During his
appearances on game shows, at some point in the broadcast the host
would give the floor to Russell, who would recite a self-penned
poem from memory, looking straight into the camera He was a
trained dancer, influenced in his youth by Jack Wiggins. Russell
put these talents to use in the 1978 musical The Wiz as the Tin
Man. He also appeared on the big screen in 1994's adaptation of
Car 54, Where Are You?, reprising his role as Anderson, now
promoted from sergeant to captain. During the 1990s Russell gained
popularity with a new generation of television viewers as a
regular on Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Russell often appeared
during comedy sketches between scheduled guests and delivered his
trademark rhymes. Russell's final TV appearance was as a panelist
on a game show-themed week on the final season of the Tom Bergeron
version of Hollywood Squares in 2003.
https://store.earthstation1.com/rhythm-and-blues-revue-dvd-1955-apollo-theater-tv-1955.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Music
Documentaries II McCartney Holly Sting Police U2 DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1951: #BOTD: #HBD! Sting,
English singer, songwriter, bass player and actor, principal
songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band
the Police from 1977 to 1985 who launched a solo career in 1986,
is #born Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner at Sir G B Hunter Memorial
Hospital in Wallsend, Northumberland, England. Gordon Matthew
Thomas Sumner CBE gained his nickname "Sting" after his
habit of wearing a black and yellow jumper with hooped stripes
with the Phoenix Jazzmen. Bandleader Gordon Solomon thought he
looked like a bee (or according to Sting himself, "they
thought I looked like a wasp"), which prompted the name
"Sting". In the 1985 documentary Bring On the Night a
journalist called him Gordon, to which he replied, "My
children call me Sting, my mother calls me Sting, who is this
Gordon character?" In 2011, he told Time that "I was
never called Gordon. You could shout 'Gordon' in the street and I
would just move out of your way". Sting's music has included
elements of rock, jazz, reggae, classical, new-age and worldbeat
in his music. As a solo musician and a member of the Police, he
has received 16 Grammy Awards (his first in the category of best
rock instrumental in 1980, for "Reggatta de Blanc"),
three Brit Awards, including Best British Male in 1994 and
Outstanding Contribution in 2002, a Golden Globe, an Emmy and four
nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 2002,
he received the Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement from
the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors and was
also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was inducted
into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Police in
2003. In 2000, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
for recording. In 2003, Sting received a CBE from Elizabeth II at
Buckingham Palace for services to music. He was made a Kennedy
Center Honoree at the White House in 2014, and was awarded the
Polar Music Prize in 2017. With the Police, Sting became one of
the world's best-selling music artists. Solo and with the Police
combined, he has sold over 100 million records. In 2006, Paste
ranked him 62nd of the 100 best living songwriters. He was 63rd of
VH1's 100 greatest artists of rock, and 80th of Q magazine's 100
greatest musical stars of the 20th century. He has collaborated
with other musicians, including "Money for Nothing" with
Dire Straits, "Rise and Fall" with Craig David, "All
for Love", with Bryan Adams and Rod Stewart, "You Will
Be My Ain True Love" with Alison Krauss, and introduced the
North African music genre rai to Western audiences through his
international hit "Desert Rose" with Cheb Mami.
https://store.earthstation1.com/music-documentaries-ii-dvd-mccartney-sting-u2.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: I Want
My Music TV! 1980s Music Videos DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1950: #BOTD: #HBD! Mike
Rutherford, English musician and songwriter for the bands Genesis
and Mike + the Mechanics, is #born Michael John Cloete Crawford
Rutherford in in Chertsey, Surrey, England. Mike Rutherford is a
founding member of Genesis and one of the band's only two
continuous members. Initially serving as Genesis's bass guitarist
and backing vocalist, Rutherford also performed most of the band's
rhythm guitar parts-frequently on twelve-string guitar-in
collaboration with successive Genesis lead guitarists Anthony
Phillips and Steve Hackett. Following Hackett's departure from
Genesis in 1977, Rutherford assumed the additional role of lead
guitarist on the band's studio albums (beginning with ...And Then
There Were Three... in 1978). Rutherford was one of the main
Genesis songwriters throughout their career and wrote the lyrics
for some of the band's biggest international hits, such as "Follow
You Follow Me", "Turn It On Again", "Land of
Confusion" and "Throwing It All Away". He was
inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of
Genesis in 2010. In addition to his work with Genesis, Rutherford
released two solo albums in the early 1980s. In 1985, he formed
the highly-successful band Mike and the Mechanics, which became a
chart-topping act and significant live draw in its own right, and
earned Rutherford an Ivor Novello Award for the 1988 single "The
Living Years".
https://store.earthstation1.com/i-want-my-music-tv-dvd-late-1980s-vi1980.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Mego Toy Classics DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1928: #BOTD: #HBD! Spanky
McFarland, American actor most famous for starring as a child as
Spanky in Hal Roach's Our Gang series of short-subject comedies of
the 1930s and 1940s that were later syndicated to television as
The Little Rascals (d. June 30, 1993) is #born in Dallas, Texas to
Virginia Winifred (nee Phillips) and Robert Emmett McFarland. He
had three siblings: Thomas ("Tommy", who appeared in a
few Our Gang episodes as "Dynamite"), Amanda, and
Roderick ("Rod"). He attended Lancaster High School in
Lancaster, Texas. Before joining the Our Gang comedies, "Sonny",
as he was called by his family, modeled children's clothing for a
Dallas department store and was also seen around the Dallas area
on highway billboards and in print advertisements for Wonder
Bread. This established Sonny early on in the local public's eye
as an adorable child model and provided experience before cameras.
In addition to his work in Our Gang and its feature-film spin-off
General Spanky (1936), McFarland regularly appeared in co-starring
or supporting juvenile roles in feature films produced by other
studios throughout the 1930s. These included Kentucky Kernels
(1934) with Bert Wheeler and Robert Woolsey, The Trail of the
Lonesome Pine (1936) with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray, and
Peck's Bad Boy with the Circus (1938). Leaving acting as a
teenager, McFarland had several varying careers as an adult before
finding success as a sales executive. He spent the final decades
of his life as a public speaker reflecting on his child-acting
career. Spanky McFarland. died of either a heart attack or an
aneurysm at his home in Grapevine, Texas, aged 64. his remains
were cremated shortly thereafter. He is buried in an unmarked grav
eat the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas, Statesman's Meadow,
Section 2 (G) Row G, Number 26; a cenotaph was approved for
McFarland to be placed at the site, but according to the
cemetery's website, it has yet to be installed, after over 30
years. He appeared on the television show "Cheers"
shortly before his death.
https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-mego-toy-classics-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Abbott
And Costello Old Time Radio MP3 Collection DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1895: #BOTD: Bud Abbott,
American comedian and actor of burlesque, radio, stage, television
and film, producer, and comedian (d. April 24, 1974) is #born
William Alexander Abbott in Asbury Park, New Jersey into the show
business family who met while working for the Barnum and Bailey
Circus: Harry Abbott, a concessionaire and forage agent, and Rae
Fisher, a bareback rider of German Jewish background. Bud Abbott
is best remembered as the "straight man" of the comedy
duo Abbott and Costello, along with Lou Costello. Abbott was
active for over 40 years, appearing in radio, television and film
roles. Bud Abbott died of cancer at age 76 at his home in Woodland
Hills, Los Angeles. He was cremated at Grandview Crematory in
Glendale, California, and his ashes scattered in the Pacific Ocean
three miles out from Santa Monica. When asked about Abbott shortly
after his death, Groucho Marx replied that Abbott was "the
greatest straight man ever."
https://store.earthstation1.com/abbott-and-costello-old-time-radio-mp3-dv3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: To
Paint The Stars The Life & Mind Of Vincent van Gogh DVD
Download USB
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1945: #BOTD: #HBD! Don McLean,
American singer-songwriter and guitarist, is #born Donald McLean
III in New Rochelle, New York. Don McLean is best known for his
1971 song "American Pie", which was a number-one US hit
for four weeks in 1972 and stayed put at 2 for 3 weeks in the UK,
as well as a hit for Madonna in 2000. McLean's other well-known
songs include: "And I Love You So", sung by Elvis
Presley, Perry Como, Helen Reddy, and Glen Campbell, among others;
"Vincent", a tribute to the 19th-century Dutch painter
Vincent Van Gogh; "Crying", a cover of the Roy Orbison
song and a surprise number 1 hit in the United Kingdom in 1980;
and "Castles in the Air", which McLean recorded twice.
In 2004, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
https://store.earthstation1.com/to-paint-the-stars-the-life-amp-mind-of-vincent-van-gogh-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Gene
Autry And The Phantom Empire 1935 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 1998: #DOTD: #RIP: Gene Autry,
nicknamed "The Singing Cowboy", American singer,
guitarist, actor, businessman and Freemason, who gained fame as a
singing cowboy on the radio, in movies, and on television for more
than three decades beginning in the early 1930s, owner of a
television station, several radio stations in Southern California,
and the Los Angeles/California/Anaheim Angels Major League
Baseball team from 1961 to 1997 (b. September 29, 1907) #dies of
lymphoma three days after his 91st birthday at his home in Studio
City, California. He is buried at the Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills
Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph read, "America's
Favorite Cowboy ... American Hero, Philanthropist, Patriot and
Veteran, Movie Star, Singer, Composer, Baseball Fan and Owner,
33rd Degree Mason, Media Entrepreneur, Loving Husband, Gentleman".
Gene Autry was born Orvon Grover Autry near Tioga in Grayson
County in north Texas. From 1934 to 1953, Autry appeared in 93
films and 91 episodes of The Gene Autry Show television series.
During the 1930s and 1940s, he personified the straight-shooting
hero: honest, brave, and true: and profoundly touched the lives of
millions of Americans. Autry was also one of the most important
figures in the history of country music, considered the second
major influential artist of the genre's development after Jimmie
Rodgers. His singing cowboy movies were the first vehicle to carry
country music to a national audience. In addition to his signature
song, "Back in the Saddle Again", Autry is still
remembered for his Christmas holiday songs, "Here Comes Santa
Claus", which he wrote, "Frosty the Snowman", "An
Old Fashioned Tree", and his biggest hit, "Rudolph the
Red-Nosed Reindeer". Autry was a member of both the Country
Music Hall of Fame and Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and is
the only person to be awarded stars in all five categories on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame, for film, television, music, radio, and
live performance. His movie serial Gene Autry And The Phantom
Empire inspired much in the Star Wars movie series. The town of
Gene Autry, Oklahoma was named in his honor.
https://store.earthstation1.com/gene-autry-and-the-phantom-empire-dvd-complete-1935-movie-se1935.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: FM 1978
Michael Brandon Eileen Brennan Martin Mull DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 2, 2025October 2, 2017: #DOTD: #RIP: Tom Petty,
American singer-songwriter, guitarist, multi-instrumentalist,
actor and producer, best known as the lead singer of Tom Petty And
The Heartbreakers formed in 1976 and as a member of the late 1980s
supergroup the Traveling Wilburys (b. October 20, 1950) #dies at
8:40 p.m. PDT of a cardiac arrest at 8:40 p.m. PDT at a hospital
in Santa Monica, California, aged 66. His remains were cremated,
and the ashes given to his widow Dana York. On October 1, 2017,
Petty's wife Dana York found him not breathing and in cardiac
arrest at their home. He was resuscitated and taken to the UCLA
Medical Center in Santa Monica, California, where he was put on
life support. There were premature reports of his death throughout
the day. A memorial service for Petty was held at the
Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine in Pacific Palisades, Los
Angeles, on October 16, 2017, four days before what would have
been his 67th birthday. On January 19, 2018, the Los Angeles
County Medical Examiner announced that Petty's death was due to an
"accidental overdose" stating "multisystem organ
failure due to resuscitated cardiopulmonary arrest due to mixed
drug toxicity", a combination of fentanyl, oxycodone,
acetylfentanyl and despropionyl fentanyl (all opioids); temazepam
and alprazolam (both benzodiazepines); and citalopram (an
antidepressant). In a statement on his website, Petty's wife and
daughter said he had a number of medical problems, including
emphysema, knee difficulties "and most significantly a
fractured hip". He was prescribed pain medication for these
problems and informed on the day of his death that his hip injury
had worsened. The statement read, "[it] is our feeling that
the pain was simply unbearable and was the cause for his overuse
of medication.[..] We feel confident that this was, as the coroner
found, an unfortunate accident." On September 23, 2018,
Petty's widow Dana gave an interview to Billboard saying that
Petty put off hip surgery his doctors had recommended for some
time. "He'd had it in mind it was his last tour and he owed
it to his long-time crew, from decades some of them, and his
fans." Dana said that Petty was in a good mood the day before
his death: "He had those three shows in L.A. Never had he
been so proud of himself, so happy, so looking forward to the
future-and then he's gone." Tom Petty was born Thomas Earl
Petty in Gainesville, Florida. Having previously led the band
Mudcrutch, Tom Petty recorded a number of hit singles with the
Heartbreakers and as a solo artist. In his career, he sold more
than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the
best-selling music artists of all time. He and the Heartbreakers
were inducted into The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 2002. Petty
died at the age of 66, of an accidental overuse of prescription
drugs, one week after the completion of the Heartbreakers' 40th
anniversary tour. Just after midnight of October 3, his death was
announced by the New York Times and The Washington Post.
https://store.earthstation1.com/fm-19781978.html